In a significant shift in drug policies, the Biden administration has announced plans to loosen federal cannabis restrictions, marking the biggest change in over half a century. The Department of Justice (DOJ) is set to move marijuana from schedule I to schedule III on the Controlled Substances Act. This means that cannabis will be determined to have some medical benefits and a potential for abuse.
The decision follows an executive order issued by President Biden in October 2022, instructing the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to conduct a review of cannabis research and recommend if a change in federal classification was needed. In August 2023, HHS sent a letter and a comprehensive review to the DOJ, concluding that marijuana is less harmful than other dangerous drugs and has credible evidence for its medical use.
The move could provide political support for Biden, particularly among young voters who generally support marijuana legalization. It will also make it easier to research the substance and potentially spur growth in the legal cannabis industry, which recorded $35 billion in sales in 2023 and is projected to surpass $70 billion by 2030.
However, a public comment period will follow the DOJ's decision on cannabis scheduling, and lawsuits challenging the move are expected. Anti-legalization group Smart Approaches to Marijuana plans to file a citizens' petition to have the DOJ move cannabis back into schedule I if they decide to move it out of that category.
Marijuana has been a Schedule I drug since the 1970s, which is defined as a substance with no accepted medical use and high potential for abuse. The change in classification will clear the way for more research on the benefits and risks of cannabis for the treatment of medical conditions.
Despite this progress, there are still obstacles to marijuana research. Some studies show that the level of THC, the main intoxicant in marijuana, being sold to consumers today is significantly higher than what was available decades ago. High THC levels pose more health risks and have been a concern for researchers.
The rescheduling of cannabis will also translate to more research on its medical benefits and potential risks. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as limited access to marijuana for research purposes due to the current classification as a Schedule I substance.