Colon cancer, also known as colorectal or bowel cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the large intestine (colon) or rectum. It can be aggressive but can also be prevented or detected early through lifestyle changes and screening tests. According to Cancer Research UK, more than half of the over 41,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the UK are preventable.
Recent studies suggest that colorectal cancer is on the rise among young adults. For instance, a study by Ohio State University researchers found that people with early-onset colorectal cancer were biologically 15 years older than their chronological ages. The Western diet, which is high in fat and low in fiber, has been linked to this trend.
Fusobacterium nucleatum, a bacteria commonly found in the mouth, may help colorectal cancers develop and grow. This subtype of Fusobacterium nucleatum is suspected of fueling colorectal cancer progression. Researchers believe that targeting this microbe could potentially prevent disease development.
Despite these findings, access to screening tests remains a challenge for many Americans, particularly those under 50. Some insurers are making it harder for people to get coverage for colonoscopies through prior authorization and denial of anesthesia coverage. This can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common among women worldwide. According to the American Cancer Society, 20% of new colorectal cancer cases in 2019 were in people younger than 55, up from 11% in 1995. Late-onset colorectal cancer patients had similar biological and chronological ages.
To reduce the risk of colon cancer, experts recommend a healthy diet that includes two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables daily. Physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco use can also help lower the risk.
Colonoscopies are recommended for people over 45 or those with a family history of colon cancer. These tests can detect precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer and save lives.
Despite these recommendations, insurance barriers continue to make screening harder for some Americans. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that insurers cover colonoscopies for people with average risk every 10 years starting at age 45, but not all payers follow this guideline.
Colorectal cancer can be a devastating disease, but it is preventable and treatable when detected early. By raising awareness of the risks and advocating for better access to screening tests, we can help save lives.
