Anaerobic Bacteria in Commercial Tattoo Inks: A First Report on Hidden Contamination

New Haven, Conn., Connecticut United States of America
Around 35% of tattoo inks sold in the US are contaminated with bacteria.
Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can contaminate sealed and unopened tattoo inks.
Contaminated inks can lead to various health issues including rashes, lesions, inflammation, allergic reactions, toxic responses, and permanent scarring.
Anaerobic Bacteria in Commercial Tattoo Inks: A First Report on Hidden Contamination

Title: Contaminated Tattoo Inks: A Hidden Danger

Lead: A recent study has revealed that around 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the US are contaminated with bacteria, regardless of sterility claims. This alarming finding highlights the importance of monitoring these products to ensure microbial safety and prevent potential health risks.

Paragraph 1: The study, published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, tested 75 tattoo inks from 14 manufacturers for the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The researchers found that both types of bacteria can contaminate the inks, with sealed and unopened tattoo inks harboring anaerobic bacteria, which thrive in low-oxygen environments like the dermal layer of the skin.

Paragraph 2: The FDA considers tattoo and permanent makeup inks to be cosmetics, but they do not require premarket approval. The pigments used in these inks are subject to FDA approval as color additives, but historically, the agency has not regulated them extensively. State and local jurisdictions oversee tattooing practices.

Paragraph 3: The study's findings emphasize the importance of monitoring tattoo and permanent makeup inks for bacterial contamination. Contaminated inks can lead to various health issues, including rashes, lesions, inflammatory reactions, allergic hypersensitivity, toxic responses, and even permanent scarring. The FDA has issued safety alerts and guidance to help manufacturers and distributors recognize potential contamination from bacteria or microorganisms.

Paragraph 4: The researchers plan to develop more efficient methods for detecting microbial contamination in tattoo inks. They also encourage consumers to be aware of the potential risks associated with these products and consult their healthcare providers if they experience any adverse reactions after getting a tattoo or using permanent makeup.

Sources:

  • Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2024). Seong-Jae Kim, et al. Anaerobic Bacteria in Commercial Tattoo Inks: A First Report.
  • US Food and Drug Administration

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Confidence

90%

Doubts
  • Are all types of bacteria present in equal proportions?
  • Is there a correlation between specific bacterial strains and the severity of health risks?

Sources

95%

The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
(Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

Many tattoo ink and permanent makeup products contaminated with bacteria, FDA finds

CBS News Site: https://www.cbsnews.com/articles/about-us/ Alexander Tin Thursday, 04 July 2024 00:26
  • Unique Points
    • FDA found that nearly half of permanent makeup ink samples and close to a quarter of tattoo ink samples were contaminated with bacteria.
    • Contaminated products included some from international manufacturers, such as those from France and China.
    • The most frequent anaerobic bacteria found in permanent makeup inks was Cutibacterium acnes.
    • Some permanent makeup inks also contained Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
  • Accuracy
    • About 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the US are contaminated with bacteria.
    • One-third of top tattoo ink brands have tested positive for bacteria
  • Deception (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Fallacies (85%)
    The article contains an appeal to authority and a potential overgeneralization. It reports on the findings of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) without providing specific details on which companies were found to be producing contaminated products or any action taken by the FDA. Additionally, it states that 'Permanent makeup products from both domestic and international manufacturers were found to be contaminated, including some from France and China' without specifying which ones. This could be seen as an overgeneralization.
    • The article reports on the findings of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) without providing specific details on which companies were found to be producing contaminated products or any action taken by the FDA.
    • Permanent makeup products from both domestic and international manufacturers were found to be contaminated, including some from France and China - Alexander Tin, CBS News.
  • Bias (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Author Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication

98%

The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
(Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

Study warns of possible bacteria in tattoo inks

United Press International (UPI) Tuesday, 02 July 2024 17:34
  • Unique Points
    • Researchers detected bacteria in commercial tattoo and permanent makeup inks.
    • Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were found in the tested tattoo inks.
    • About 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the United States were contaminated with bacteria according to the study.
  • Accuracy
    • About 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the US are contaminated with bacteria.
    • Microbial contaminants can cause human infections.
  • Deception (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Fallacies (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Bias (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Author Conflicts Of Interest (0%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication

98%

The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
(Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

35% of tattoo, permanent makeup inks sold in US are contaminated with bacteria, study finds

Scripps News Alex Arger Wednesday, 03 July 2024 01:46
  • Unique Points
    • Around 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the US are contaminated with bacteria.
    • Researchers identified anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in sealed, unopened tattoo inks.
    • Contaminated tattoo inks have contributed to an increase in ink-related infections with the rising popularity of tattoos and ink usage.
    • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees tattoos and has received reports of people developing infections from contaminated inks. In 2019, a safety alert was issued about certain contaminated inks, and tattoo ink manufacturers and distributors were given FDA guidance on recognizing and preventing bacteria and microorganism ink contaminations.
  • Accuracy
    No Contradictions at Time Of Publication
  • Deception (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Fallacies (90%)
    No egregious fallacies found. However, there are some issues with appeals to authority and inflammatory rhetoric.
    • ]Around 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the U.S. are contaminated with bacteria, a new study found.
    • This is the first time anaerobic bacteria in commercial tattoo inks has been investigated...
    • The researchers say this suggests both types of bacteria can contribute to the increase in ink-related infections that have come with the rising popularity of ink usage and tattooing...
  • Bias (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Author Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication

100%

The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
(Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

Health Headlines: Top tattoo ink brands test have bacteria

WTNH News Site Ann Nyberg Wednesday, 03 July 2024 17:05
  • Unique Points
    • One-third of top tattoo ink brands have tested positive for bacteria
    • Sterility claims did not prevent the presence of bacteria in these brands
  • Accuracy
    No Contradictions at Time Of Publication
  • Deception (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Fallacies (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Bias (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Author Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication

95%

The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
(Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

35% of tattoo inks sold in US are contaminated with bacteria: study

New York Post Tracy Swartz Tuesday, 02 July 2024 13:00
  • Unique Points
    • About 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the US are contaminated with bacteria.
    • ,
  • Accuracy
    • Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can contaminate the inks.
  • Deception (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Fallacies (85%)
    The article contains inflammatory rhetoric and appeals to authority. It also presents a dichotomous depiction of tattoo inks.
    • You may want to rethink getting ink.
    • About 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the US are contaminated with bacteria, according to new research published Tuesday.
  • Bias (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication
  • Author Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
    None Found At Time Of Publication