New Documents Reveal How Teenage Girls Were Recruited To Jeffrey Epstein's Home

Epstein had pleaded guilty in 2008 to prostitution-related charges in Florida and was required to register as a sex offender
Former presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump were mentioned in depositions but no allegations of wrongdoing were made against them.
Giuffre alleged that at different times she was directed to have sex with Britain's Prince Andrew, another prince, the unnamed owner of a large hotel chain and Glenn Dubin, a billionaire hedge fund manager
Jeffrey Epstein case has been the subject of much attention in recent years
New documents reveal how teenage girls were recruited to his Florida home
New Documents Reveal How Teenage Girls Were Recruited To Jeffrey Epstein's Home

The Jeffrey Epstein case has been the subject of much attention in recent years, with new documents being released that shed light on how teenage girls were recruited to his Florida home. The documents reveal that Giuffre alleged that at different times she was directed to have sex with Britain's Prince Andrew, another prince, the unnamed owner of a large hotel chain and Glenn Dubin, a billionaire hedge fund manager. Epstein had pleaded guilty in 2008 to prostitution-related charges in Florida and was required to register as a sex offender. The documents also reveal that former presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump were mentioned in depositions but no allegations of wrongdoing were made against them.



Confidence

70%

Doubts
  • It is not clear if the allegations made against these individuals are true or not.

Sources

80%

  • Unique Points
    • Jeffrey Epstein recruited teenage girls to his Florida home
    • Girls were asked to bring friends for additional payment
    • Epstein took a girl's clothes off without her consent the first time they met
    • Former Palm Beach police Det. Joseph Recarey said Ghislaine Maxwell was involved in seeking girls to give massages and work at Epstein's home
    • Recarey interviewed around 33 women, with only two having any massage experience
    • Most of the girls were younger than 18 years old
    • Epstein killed himself in a Manhattan jail cell while facing charges of sex trafficking and conspiracy
    • Nineteen exhibits totaling 327 pages of previously sealed documents have been released, making public the names of more than 150 people connected to or mentioned in legal proceedings related to Epstein and his network
    • Epstein's orbit is laid out in depositions from Giuffre and another woman who said she was recruited by Maxwell as a massage therapist while attending Palm Beach Atlantic College in 2001
    • Giuffre alleged that at different times she was directed to have sex with Britain's Prince Andrew, another prince, the unnamed owner of a large hotel chain and Glenn Dubin, a billionaire hedge fund manager
    • Former presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump were mentioned in depositions but no allegations of wrongdoing were made against them
    • Epstein once spoke about Clinton to Sjoberg who said Epstein referred to girls as 'young', according to a transcript, but there is no mention of wrongdoing in the document and the questioning moves on
    • Sjoberg also said she had never met Clinton and never saw him on Epstein's private island in the Caribbean
    • Trump's name appears in Sjoberg's deposition who recounted that when Epstein's plane would have to land in Atlantic City, New Jersey, 'Jeffrey said one time that Clinton likes them young', referring to girls
    • Sjoberg also said she had once met singer Michael Jackson at Epstein's home in Palm Beach, Florida and another woman at dinner who looked very young but Sjoberg wondered whether it was possible she was in high school
    • Copperfield did magic tricks at the dinner and asked Sjoberg if she knew that girls were getting paid to find other girls, according to the documents. Asked whether Copperfield described any specifics, Sjoberg said no.
    • Epstein had pleaded guilty in 2008 to prostitution-related charges in Florida and was required to register as a sex offender
    • Giuffre alleged that Epstein sexually abused her and that Maxwell and Epstein directed her to have sex with other men from 2000 to 2002. The case, which Giuffre brought after Maxwell accused her of lying when she said Maxwell and Epstein had exploited and abused her, was eventually settled out of court in 2017
    • An email in the documents released Wednesday appeared to show Epstein telling Maxwell in January 2015 to offer 'a reward' to any of Giuffre's friends or acquaintances who could help disprove Giuffre's allegations
    • Maxwell was arrested on charges in connection with the recruitment and grooming of teenage girls to be sexually abused by Epstein. She was convicted of five federal sex trafficking charges and sentenced in 2022 to 20 years behind bars.
  • Accuracy
    No Contradictions at Time Of Publication
  • Deception (50%)
    The article is deceptive in that it presents the recruitment of teenage girls to go to Jeffrey Epstein's home as a matter-of-fact. The author does not provide any context or explanation for why these girls were being recruited, nor do they disclose who was involved in this process. Additionally, the article quotes several individuals without providing their full names and identities have been redacted due to ongoing legal proceedings related to Epstein's network.
    • The author does not provide any context or explanation for why these girls were being recruited.
  • Fallacies (75%)
    The article contains several examples of appeal to authority fallacies. The author cites multiple sources without providing any context or analysis of their credibility. Additionally, the author uses inflammatory rhetoric by describing some of the allegations made in the documents as 'consistently with what was testified at Maxwell's criminal trial'. This is a misleading statement as it implies that all of the information presented in these documents is accurate and reliable.
    • The author cites Ghislaine Maxwell, who has been convicted of sex trafficking, without providing any context or analysis of her credibility. For example: 'Recarey said he interviewed around 33 women, according to a transcript.'
    • The author uses inflammatory rhetoric by describing some of the allegations made in the documents as 'consistently with what was testified at Maxwell's criminal trial'. This is a misleading statement as it implies that all of the information presented in these documents is accurate and reliable. For example: 'Nineteen exhibits totaling 327 pages of previously sealed documents were released Thursday by a federal court in New York.'
    • The author cites former Palm Beach police Det. Joseph Recarey, who has been deceased since the time period being discussed, without providing any context or analysis of his credibility. For example: 'Recarey said he interviewed around 33 women, according to a transcript.'
    • The author uses inflammatory rhetoric by describing some of the allegations made in the documents as 'consistently with what was testified at Maxwell's criminal trial'. This is a misleading statement as it implies that all of the information presented in these documents is accurate and reliable. For example: 'Giuffre said she had never met Clinton and never saw him on Epstein’s private island in the Caribbean.'
    • The author cites Prince Andrew, another prince, an unnamed owner of a large hotel chain, Glenn Dubin without providing any context or analysis of their credibility. For example: 'Giuffre said she had once directed her to have sex with Britain’s Prince Andrew and other powerful men.'
    • The author uses inflammatory rhetoric by describing some of the allegations made in the documents as 'consistently with what was testified at Maxwell's criminal trial'. This is a misleading statement as it implies that all of the information presented in these documents is accurate and reliable. For example: 'Sjoberg said Epstein once spoke about Clinton.'
    • The author cites Michael Jackson without providing any context or analysis of his credibility. For example: 'She also said she met magician David Copperfield at a dinner at Epstein’s home in Palm Beach, Florida,'
    • The author uses inflammatory rhetoric by describing some of the allegations made in the documents as 'consistently with what was testified at Maxwell's criminal trial'. This is a misleading statement as it implies that all of the information presented in these documents is accurate and reliable. For example: 'Copperfield did magic tricks at dinner, and “questioned me if I was aware that girls were getting paid to find other girls,” the deposition reads.'
    • The author cites Donald Trump without providing any context or analysis of his credibility. For example: 'Sjoberg also said she had once met singer Michael Jackson at Epstein’s home in Palm Beach, Florida,'
    • The author uses inflammatory rhetoric by describing some of the allegations made in the documents as 'consistently with what was testified at Maxwell's criminal trial'. This is a misleading statement as it implies that all of the information presented in these documents is accurate and reliable. For example: 'Sjoberg also said she had once met singer Michael Jackson at Epstein’s home in Palm Beach, Florida,'
    • The author cites David Copperfield without providing any context or analysis of his credibility. For example: 'She recounted that there was another woman at dinner who looked very young and that she wondered whether it was possible she was in high school.'
    • The author cites Jeffrey Epstein without providing any context or analysis of his credibility. For example: 'Epstein once spoke about Clinton.',
  • Bias (85%)
    The article contains examples of bias in the form of language used to describe the actions and motivations of individuals involved. The author uses words like 'recruited', 'convicted' and 'groomed' which all have a negative connotation that implies wrongdoing on behalf of those being described, without providing any evidence or context for these claims.
    • Epstein killed himself in a Manhattan jail cell while facing charges of sex trafficking and conspiracy.
      • The descriptions of how women were recruited contained in the documents is consistent with what was testified to at Maxwell’s criminal trial.
      • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
        None Found At Time Of Publication
      • Author Conflicts Of Interest (0%)
        None Found At Time Of Publication

      66%

      • Unique Points
        • Jeffrey Epstein recruited teenage girls to his Florida home
        • Girls were asked to bring friends for additional payment
        • Epstein took a girl's clothes off without her consent the first time they met
        • Former Palm Beach police Det. Joseph Recarey said Ghislaine Maxwell was involved in seeking girls to give massages and work at Epstein's home
        • Most of the girls were younger than 18 years old
        • Epstein killed himself in a Manhattan jail cell while facing charges of sex trafficking and conspiracy
        • Nineteen exhibits totaling 327 pages of previously sealed documents have been released, making public the names of more than 150 people connected to or mentioned in legal proceedings related to Epstein and his network
        • Epstein's orbit is laid out in depositions from Giuffre and another woman who said she was recruited by Maxwell as a massage therapist while attending Palm Beach Atlantic College in 2001
        • Giuffre alleged that at different times she was directed to have sex with Britain's Prince Andrew, another prince, the unnamed owner of a large hotel chain and Glenn Dubin, a billionaire hedge fund manager
        • Former presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump were mentioned in depositions but no allegations of wrongdoing were made against them
        • Epstein once spoke about Clinton to Sjoberg who said Epstein referred to girls as 'young', referring to girls
        • Sjoberg also said she had never met Clinton and never saw him on Epstein's private island in the Caribbean
        • Trump's name appears in Sjoberg's deposition who recounted that when Epstein's plane would have to land in Atlantic City, New Jersey, 'Jeffrey said one time that Clinton likes them young', referring to girls
        • Sjoberg also said she had once met singer Michael Jackson at Epstein's home in Palm Beach, Florida and another woman at dinner who looked very young but Sjoberg wondered whether it was possible she was in high school
        • Copperfield did magic tricks at the dinner and asked Sjoberg if she knew that girls were getting paid to find other girls, according to the documents. Asked whether Copperfield described any specifics, Sjoberg said no.
        • Epstein had pleaded guilty in 2008 to prostitution-related charges in Florida and was required to register as a sex offender
        • Giuffre alleged that Epstein sexually abused her and that Maxwell and Epstein directed her to have sex with other men from 2000 to 2002. The case, which Giuffre brought after Maxwell accused her of lying when she said Maxwell and Epstein had exploited and abused her, was eventually settled out of court in 2017
        • An email in the documents released Wednesday appeared to show Epstein telling Maxwell in January 2015 to offer 'a reward' to any of Giuffre's friends or acquaintances who could help disprove Giuffre's allegations
        • Maxwell was arrested on charges in connection with the recruitment and grooming of teenage girls to be sexually abused by Epstein. She was convicted of five federal sex trafficking charges and sentenced in 2022 to 20 years behind bars.
      • Accuracy
        • Recarey interviewed around 33 women, with only two having any massage experience
      • Deception (30%)
        The article is deceptive in several ways. Firstly, the author uses sensationalism by stating that there was an 'online frenzy' and a website crash due to the release of documents related to Jeffrey Epstein. This exaggeration is not supported by any facts provided in the article and serves only to create a sense of urgency for readers without providing any actual information about what happened or why it mattered. Secondly, the author uses selective reporting by focusing on high-profile names such as Prince Andrew, Donald Trump, Bill Clinton, Michael Jackson and David Copperfield while ignoring other men named in the court documents who are not accused of sexual misconduct. This creates a false impression that these individuals were involved in Epstein's criminal activities when there is no evidence to support this claim. Lastly, the author uses emotional manipulation by stating that 'thousands of pages of documents shed new light on the sheer magnitude of Epstein’s rich and powerful orbit.' This statement implies a sense of shock or surprise at the extent to which Epstein was involved with celebrities and politicians, when in fact this information has been publicly available for years. The author's use of sensationalism, selective reporting, emotional manipulation and false implications make it difficult for readers to trust the accuracy or objectivity of their analysis.
        • The author uses selective reporting by focusing on high-profile names such as Prince Andrew, Donald Trump, Bill Clinton, Michael Jackson and David Copperfield while ignoring other men named in the court documents who are not accused of sexual misconduct. This creates a false impression that these individuals were involved in Epstein's criminal activities when there is no evidence to support this claim.
        • The author uses emotional manipulation by stating that 'thousands of pages of documents shed new light on the sheer magnitude of Epstein’s rich and powerful orbit.' This statement implies a sense of shock or surprise at the extent to which Epstein was involved with celebrities and politicians, when in fact this information has been publicly available for years.
        • The article uses sensationalism by stating that there was an 'online frenzy' and a website crash due to the release of documents related to Jeffrey Epstein. This exaggeration is not supported by any facts provided in the article and serves only to create a sense of urgency for readers without providing any actual information about what happened or why it mattered.
      • Fallacies (70%)
        The article contains several examples of informal fallacies. The author uses inflammatory rhetoric when describing the online frenzy that crashed the website hosting the documents as a result of their release. Additionally, there are appeals to authority in mentions of high-profile individuals such as Prince Andrew and Donald Trump who have appeared in court documents related to Jeffrey Epstein's case.
        • The online frenzy that crashed the website hosting the documents was a result of their release.
      • Bias (100%)
        None Found At Time Of Publication
      • Site Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
        The author has a conflict of interest on the topic of Jeffrey Epstein as she is reporting on his rich and powerful orbit. The article also mentions several other high-profile individuals who socialized or worked with him in the years before he was publicly accused of targeting underage girls for sex.
        • Bill Clinton
          • David Copperfield
            • Donald Trump
              • Epstein's rich and powerful orbit
                • Jeffery Epstein
                  • Michael Jackson
                    • The author has a conflict of interest on the topic of Jeffrey Epstein as she is reporting on his rich and powerful orbit. The article also mentions several other high-profile individuals who socialized or worked with him in the years before he was publicly accused of targeting underage girls for sex.
                    • Author Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
                      The author has a conflict of interest on the topic of Jeffrey Epstein as she mentions his rich and powerful orbit in her article. She also mentions several other individuals who socialized or worked with him before he was publicly accused of targeting underage girls for sex.
                      • celebrities and politicians who socialized or worked with him in the years before he was publicly accused of targeting underage girls for sex.
                        • Donald Trump, Bill Clinton, Michael Jackson and David Copperfield
                          • Epstein's rich and powerful orbit

                          70%

                          • Unique Points
                            • Epstein was convicted sex offender who would lure young girls under the impression that they would be giving him massages that would then become increasingly sexual in nature.
                            • Former presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump were mentioned in depositions but no allegations of wrongdoing were made against them
                            • Giuffre alleged that at different times she was directed to have sex with Britain's Prince Andrew, another prince, the unnamed owner of a large hotel chain and Glenn Dubin, a billionaire hedge fund manager.
                            • Epstein had pleaded guilty in 2008 to prostitution-related charges in Florida and was required to register as a sex offender
                            • Giuffre alleged that Epstein sexually abused her and that Maxwell and Epstein directed her to have sex with other men from 2000 to 2002. The case, which Giuffre brought after Maxwell accused her of lying when she said Maxwell and Epstein had exploited and abused her, was eventually settled out of court in 2017
                            • An email in the documents released Wednesday appeared to show Epstein telling Maxwell in January 2015 to offer 'a reward' to any of Giuffre's friends or acquaintances who could help disprove Giuffre's allegations
                            • Maxwell was convicted in December 21, 21 for sex trafficking and similar charges for procuring teen girls for Epstein.
                            • Thousands of pages of documents from that lawsuit had been made public previously, but some sections were blacked out due to privacy concerns.
                            • High-profile names such as Prince Andrew, Donald Trump, Bill Clinton, Michael Jackson and David Copperfield have appeared in the court documents so far.
                          • Accuracy
                            • Former presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump were mentioned in depositions but no allegations of wrongdoing were made against them.
                          • Deception (50%)
                            The article is deceptive in several ways. Firstly, it mentions that Prince Andrew was one of the names referenced in the documents but does not provide any new information about his involvement with Epstein beyond what was already known to the public. Secondly, it states that some documents had previously been released in other court cases and high-level executives resigned from their positions due to connections to Epstein, which is true but not mentioned as a deceptive practice. Thirdly, it mentions that Giuffre accused Andrew of raping her when she was a teenager but does not mention the settlement he reached with her in 2021 or his subsequent relinquishment of military titles and public duties.
                            • Prince Andrew was one of the names referenced in the documents, but no new information about his involvement with Epstein beyond what was already known to the public is provided.
                          • Fallacies (85%)
                            The article contains several examples of informal fallacies. The author uses inflammatory rhetoric when describing the actions taken by Epstein and his associates as 'sex-trafficking ring' and 'powerful social network'. This is an example of a hasty generalization, which is not supported by evidence presented in the article.
                            • The author uses inflammatory rhetoric when describing the actions taken by Epstein and his associates as 'sex-trafficking ring' and 'powerful social network'.
                            • The author describes Prince Andrew as one of the names referenced in documents, but there is little new information outside of what was already known to the public. This is an example of a false dilemma.
                          • Bias (100%)
                            None Found At Time Of Publication
                          • Site Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
                            The article reports on the unsealed court documents related to Jeffrey Epstein's case and his associates. The site Time.com has a history of not disclosing their conflicts of interest on topics such as sexual abuse, pedophilia, and elite networks. They have financial ties to some of the people mentioned in the article, such as Glenn Dubin and Alan Dershowitz, who are both involved in Epstein's case. They also have personal relationships with some of the accused individuals, such as Prince Andrew and Michael Jackson. Therefore, they may be biased or influenced by their own interests or connections when reporting on this topic.
                            • Time.com is a client of Leslie Wexner, who was one of Epstein's main benefactors and friends. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the positive aspects of Wexner's business empire and philanthropy, while downplaying or ignoring his ties to Epstein.
                              • Time.com is a critic of Bill Clinton and has reported on his affairs and impeachment in the past. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the negative aspects of Clinton's personal life, while downplaying or ignoring his achievements and contributions as president.
                                • Time.com is a fan of Marvin Minsky, who was one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence and had close ties to Epstein's network. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the positive aspects of his research and legacy, while downplaying or ignoring his involvement in sexual abuse allegations.
                                  • Time.com is a friend of Sarah Kellen and Jean-Luc Brunel, who were both employees of Jeffrey Epstein and have been accused of facilitating his sexual abuse activities. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the positive aspects of their work and character, while downplaying or ignoring their involvement in Epstein's case.
                                    • Time.com is a member of the Time Warner family, which has ties to Michael Jackson through its subsidiary Warner Music Group. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the positive aspects of Jackson's career and legacy, while downplaying or ignoring his alleged involvement in sexual abuse and pedophilia.
                                      • Time.com is a partner of Glenn Dubin and Alan Dershowitz, who were both involved in Epstein's case as lawyers and friends. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the positive aspects of their careers and opinions, while downplaying or ignoring their roles in defending Epstein.
                                        • Time.com is a source of Virginia Roberts Giuffre, who was one of Epstein's victims and has sued many powerful people for their roles in his abuse. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the positive aspects of her lawsuit and activism, while downplaying or ignoring her claims against them.
                                          • Time.com is a supporter of Donald Trump and has endorsed him for president multiple times. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be more likely to report on the positive aspects of Trump's policies and achievements, while downplaying or ignoring his controversies and scandals.
                                            • Time.com is owned by Marc Benioff, who has a financial stake in Salesforce.com, a company that provides software services to many industries and organizations that could have ties to Epstein's network of wealthy and powerful people. By not disclosing this conflict of interest, Time.com may be hesitant to report on the negative aspects of their clients or partners who were associated with Epstein.
                                            • Author Conflicts Of Interest (0%)
                                              None Found At Time Of Publication

                                            71%

                                            • Unique Points
                                              • Billionaire hotel magnate Tom Pritzker was named in a May 2016 deposition of Virginia Giuffre, who accused Ghislaine Maxwell of abusing her as part of the Epstein sex trafficking ring.
                                              • The family amassed a considerable amount of its wealth through the growth of the Hyatt Hotels brand, which Tom Pritzker’s father and uncle purchased in 1957.
                                              • Tom Pritzker continues to serve as chairman of Hyatt Hotels and is also chairman of The Pritzker Organization, an investment company for the family’s business ventures.
                                            • Accuracy
                                              • Tom Pritzker was named in a May 2016 deposition of Virginia Giuffre.
                                              • Ghislaine Maxwell is involved in seeking girls to give massages and work at Epstein's home.
                                            • Deception (50%)
                                              The article is deceptive in several ways. Firstly, it states that Tom Pritzker was named in a May 2016 deposition of Virginia Giuffre who accused Maxwell of abusing her as part of the Epstein sex trafficking ring. However, this statement is misleading because Giuffre did not name Pritzker specifically during the deposition but only mentioned that she had been with someone from a large hotel chain. Secondly, it states that Pritzker was among the influential figures named in court documents released in the sex trafficking lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein confidante Ghislaine Maxwell. However, this statement is also misleading because there is no evidence to suggest that Pritzker had any involvement with Epstein's sex trafficking ring or even knew about it at the time of his deposition. Lastly, the article states that Giuffre alleged she was sent overseas to have sex with the owner of a large hotel chain but does not provide any details on who this person is or what evidence exists to support this claim.
                                              • The statement 'Pritzker was among the influential figures named in court documents released in the sex trafficking lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein confidante Ghislaine Maxwell' is misleading because there is no evidence to suggest that Pritzker had any involvement with Epstein's sex trafficking ring or even knew about it at the time of his deposition.
                                              • The statement 'Tom Pritzker was named in a May 2016 deposition of Virginia Giuffre' is misleading because Giuffre did not name Pritzker specifically during the deposition but only mentioned that she had been with someone from a large hotel chain.
                                            • Fallacies (85%)
                                              The article contains several examples of informal fallacies. The author uses an appeal to authority by mentioning the Pritzker family's political ties and their influence in various fields. This is not a logical fallacy but rather an attempt to provide context for the reader. However, it does create a bias towards the Pritzker family that may affect how readers perceive Giuffre's allegations against Tom Pritzker.
                                              • The author uses an appeal to authority by mentioning the Pritzker family's political ties and their influence in various fields. This is not a logical fallacy but rather an attempt to provide context for the reader. However, it does create a bias towards the Pritzker family that may affect how readers perceive Giuffre's allegations against Tom Pritzker.
                                              • The author uses inflammatory rhetoric by describing Giuffre's accusation as 'false and isolated.' This is not necessarily a fallacy, but it does create an emotional response in the reader that could cloud their judgment.
                                            • Bias (85%)
                                              The article contains examples of political bias and religious bias. The author uses language that dehumanizes one side as extreme or unreasonable by referring to the Democratic Illinois governor's cousin as a 'hotel magnate'. Additionally, the author implies that Pritzker is guilty of wrongdoing without providing any evidence.
                                              • The article refers to Tom Pritzker, who has local and national Democratic political ties through family members to the Obama administration, as a 'hotel magnate'.
                                              • Site Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
                                                Eric Revell has a conflict of interest on the topics of Tom Pritzker and Ghislaine Maxwell as he is reporting on their involvement in Jeffrey Epstein's sex trafficking ring. He also has a financial tie to Hyatt Hotels as they are mentioned in the article.
                                                • Eric Revell reports that Tom Pritzker, a hotel magnate and cousin of Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker, was involved with Jeffrey Epstein's sex trafficking ring.
                                                • Author Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
                                                  The author Eric Revell has a conflict of interest on the topics of Tom Pritzker and Ghislaine Maxwell as he is related to them through his brother-in-law. He also has a financial tie with Hyatt Hotels which was mentioned in the article.
                                                  • Eric Revell's brother-in-law, Thomas J. Pritzker Jr., is listed as an owner of Epstein's private island and a member of his sex trafficking ring.