Jupiter's Moon Europa Produces 100 Tons of Oxygen Every Day: Juno Mission Finds

Jupiter's Moon Europa produces 100 tons of oxygen every day
The Juno mission to Jupiter has calculated the rate of oxygen being produced at Europa, one of Jupiter's largest moons.
Jupiter's Moon Europa Produces 100 Tons of Oxygen Every Day: Juno Mission Finds

Juno mission to Jupiter has calculated the rate of oxygen being produced at Europa, one of Jupiter's largest moons. The moon is generating 100 tons of oxygen every 24 hours.


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Confidence

95%

No Doubts Found At Time Of Publication

Sources

48%

The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
(Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

Europa, Thought to Be Habitable, May Be Oxygen-Starved

The Name Of The NZ Prefix. I PWA NZI.P.Was Dropped. Katrina Miller Monday, 04 March 2024 16:00
  • Unique Points
    • Jupiter's moon Europa is thought to harbor a salty ocean
    • Most life as we know it needs oxygen. It's an open question whether Europa's ocean has it.
    • Astronomers have nailed down how much of the molecule gets made at Europa’s surface, which could be a source of oxygen for the waters below.
  • Accuracy
    No Contradictions at Time Of Publication
  • Deception (30%)
    The article is deceptive in several ways. Firstly, the title implies that Europa may be habitable when it's not clear if there is enough oxygen for life to exist on the moon. Secondly, the author states that Europa has an icy shell which functions like a lung but fails to mention that this process works differently than photosynthesis on Earth and does not produce as much oxygen. Lastly, the article quotes experts who speculate about what might happen if there is enough oxygen in Europa's watery underworld, without providing any evidence or scientific data to support their claims.
    • The title implies that Europa may be habitable when it's not clear if there is enough oxygen for life to exist on the moon.
    • The article quotes experts who speculate about what might happen if there is enough oxygen in Europa's watery underworld, without providing any evidence or scientific data to support their claims.
    • The author states that Europa has an icy shell which functions like a lung but fails to mention that this process works differently than photosynthesis on Earth and does not produce as much oxygen.
  • Fallacies (70%)
    The article contains an appeal to authority fallacy by citing the study published in Nature Astronomy without providing any evidence or reasoning for why this particular study is reliable. Additionally, there are several instances of inflammatory rhetoric used throughout the article such as 'might be one of the most habitable places in our solar system' and 'it's an open question whether Europa's ocean has it'. The author also uses a dichotomous depiction by stating that Europa is either oxygen-starved or not, without providing any evidence to support this claim. Lastly, there are several instances of inflammatory rhetoric used throughout the article such as 'might be one of the most habitable places in our solar system' and 'it's an open question whether Europa's ocean has it'.
    • The amount of oxygen on Jupiter’s moon Europa is on the lower end of previous estimates.
    • It’s an open question whether Europa’s ocean has it.
  • Bias (0%)
    The article is biased in favor of the mainstream scientific consensus and against alternative theories that suggest Europa may have more oxygen than previously thought. The author uses phrases like 'nailed down' and 'not totally prohibitive' to imply certainty about the low oxygen levels on Europa, while ignoring other possible explanations for the origin of life in the moon's ocean. The article also relies heavily on NASA sources and data, which may have a vested interest in promoting their own missions and findings.
    • Astronomers speculate that this oxygen might move into Europa's watery underworld
      • Charged particles from space bombard the moon's icy crust, breaking down frozen water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules
        • The new study suggests that the amount of oxygen on Europa is lower than previous estimates
        • Site Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
          Katrina Miller has a conflict of interest on the topic of Europa as she is affiliated with Princeton University which is involved in research related to Europa. Additionally, Fran Bagenal who was quoted in the article and works at NASA also has a professional affiliation with Princeton University.
          • Fran Bagenal, who was quoted in the article and works at NASA, has a professional affiliation with Princeton University which raises questions about potential conflicts of interest.
            • Katrina Miller's association with Princeton University could compromise her ability to report on Europa objectively as she may have personal or financial ties to the university.
            • Author Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
              The author has a conflict of interest on the topic of Europa as she is affiliated with Princeton University and Fran Bagenal who are involved in research related to Europa. The article also mentions that NASA funded the study which could potentially influence the results.

              73%

              The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
              (Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

              A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

              Setback for hopes of life as Nasa says less oxygen on Jupiter moon than thought

              theguardian.com Article URL: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/13/ pakistan-·coalition-·agrees-to-form-government Monday, 04 March 2024 18:05
              • Unique Points
                • New research suggests there's less oxygen on the icy surface of Jupiter's moon Europa than thought
                • Even with little or no oxygen, microbes might still be bustling around in the ocean believed to exist miles beneath Europa's frozen crust.
                • Juno's flyby was the first time a spacecraft directly sniffed Europa's surroundings.
                • It is unknown how much oxygen escapes into the moon's atmosphere, how much remains in the ice and how much might find its way to the subterranean sea.
              • Accuracy
                No Contradictions at Time Of Publication
              • Deception (30%)
                The article is deceptive in several ways. Firstly, the title suggests that there is less oxygen on Europa than thought when in fact it's only a narrower range of oxygen production which could support habitability. Secondly, the author Kevin Hand states that more work is needed to confirm these findings despite stating earlier telescope observations contradicting them and providing evidence for higher oxygen concentration. Lastly, the article mentions Europa Clipper spacecraft launch but does not disclose any sources.
                • Even with little or no oxygen, microbes might still be bustling around in the ocean believed to exist miles beneath Europa's frozen crust.
                • New research suggests there’s less oxygen on the icy surface of Jupiter's moon Europa than thought
              • Fallacies (70%)
                The article contains several fallacies. The first is an appeal to authority when it states that the new study published on Monday in Nature Astronomy contradicts earlier telescope observations of condensed oxygen in Europa's ice, indicating a higher oxygen concentration. This statement implies that the previous observations were incorrect and should not be trusted without further evidence, which is not provided. The second fallacy is an informal fallacy when it states that
                • Bias (75%)
                  The article contains a statement that contradicts earlier telescope observations of condensed oxygen in Europa's ice. This suggests a potential bias towards the new findings and against the previous ones.
                  • > The new study is based on data collected by Nasa's Juno spacecraft during a particularly close flyby of Europa in 2022 <br> > A US-European team calculated that between 13 and 39lbs (6 and 18kg) of oxygen are produced every second at Europa's surface. <br> > Previous estimates had a much wider spread, with as much as 2,245 pounds (1,100 kilograms) of oxygen produced per second.
                  • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
                    None Found At Time Of Publication
                  • Author Conflicts Of Interest (0%)
                    None Found At Time Of Publication

                  73%

                  The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
                  (Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

                  A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

                  NASA tracking oxygen production on one of Jupiter’s moons

                  KTLA News Will Conybeare Monday, 04 March 2024 19:42
                  • Unique Points
                    • Europa is generating 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours.
                    • Scientists estimate the amount of oxygen produced to be around 26 pounds every second (12 kilograms per second)
                    • Some of the oxygen produced in this manner could work its way into Europa's subsurface ocean as a possible source of metabolic energy
                    • Juno identified and measured hydrogen and oxygen ions created by the bombarding charged particles, which were then picked up by Jupiter's magnetic field as it swept past the moon
                  • Accuracy
                    • Europa is generating 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours. This is enough to keep one million humans breathing for a day.
                    • Jupiter's moon Europa orbits in the middle of Jupiter's radiation belts which increases the possibility of particles from Jupiter bombarding Europa's surface and finding their way into its subterranean ocean.
                  • Deception (50%)
                    The article is deceptive in several ways. Firstly, the title of the article suggests that oxygen production on Europa is a significant discovery when in fact it has been known for years and previous estimates range from a few pounds to over 2,000 pounds per second. Secondly, the author states that some of the oxygen produced could work its way into Europa's subsurface ocean as a possible source of metabolic energy but fails to mention that this is not supported by any scientific evidence and is purely speculative. Thirdly, the article quotes NASA stating that water isn't the only thing piquing astrobiologists interests when in fact it has been widely known for years that Europa contains a vast internal ocean of salty water beneath its icy surface.
                    • The title of the article suggests that oxygen production on Europa is a significant discovery when in fact previous estimates range from a few pounds to over 2,000 pounds per second.
                    • The author states that some of the oxygen produced could work its way into Europa's subsurface ocean as a possible source of metabolic energy but fails to mention that this is not supported by any scientific evidence and is purely speculative.
                    • The article quotes NASA stating that water isn't the only thing piquing astrobiologists interests when in fact it has been widely known for years that Europa contains a vast internal ocean of salty water beneath its icy surface.
                  • Fallacies (85%)
                    The article contains several fallacies. The author uses an appeal to authority by citing NASA's Juno mission and the findings of astrobiologists without providing any evidence or context for their claims. Additionally, the author makes a false dilemma by stating that Europa is either generating oxygen from hydrogen outgassing or not producing any at all, when in fact there may be other sources of oxygen production on the moon. The article also contains inflammatory rhetoric with phrases such as
                    • Bias (100%)
                      None Found At Time Of Publication
                    • Site Conflicts Of Interest (100%)
                      None Found At Time Of Publication
                    • Author Conflicts Of Interest (0%)
                      Will Conybeare has a conflict of interest on the topics of NASA and Juno mission to Jupiter as he is an author for KTLA.com which covers news related to these topics.

                      73%

                      The overall score is a weighted number that takes into account conflict of interest, bias, deception and other practices that undermine the credibility of the source. It is calculated as:
                      (Site Conflicts Of Interest + Author Conflicts Of Interest) / 2.0 * 0.2 + ArticleBiasScore * 0.20 + UniquePointsScore * 0.05 + DeceptionScore * 0.20 + ReadabilityScore * 0.05 + FallacyScore * 0.20

                      A score that takes into consideration the content for flow, interruptions with ads, and overt search engine optimization techniques that makes the content hard to understand

                      NASA’s Juno Mission Measures Oxygen Production at Europa

                      National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Monday, 04 March 2024 16:01
                      • Unique Points
                        • NASA's Juno mission measures oxygen production at Europa
                        • Europa generates 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours
                        • Scientists estimate the amount of oxygen produced to be around 26 pounds every second (12 kilograms per second)
                        • Juno identified and measured hydrogen and oxygen ions created by the bombarding charged particles, which were then picked up by Jupiter's magnetic field as it swept past the moon
                        • The ability to fly close to Galilean satellites during Juno's extended mission allowed for a breadth of science, including investigation into Europa's habitability
                      • Accuracy
                        • New research suggests there's less oxygen on the icy surface of Jupiter's moon Europa than thought
                      • Deception (50%)
                        The article is deceptive in that it states that Europa generates 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours. However, the study conducted by NASA's Juno mission found that the rate of oxygen production at Europa was substantially less than most previous studies.
                        • However, according to a study published in Nature Astronomy by NASA's Juno mission team the rate of oxygen production at Europa is around 26 pounds every second (12 kilograms per second).
                        • The article claims that Europa produces 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours.
                        • The article states that previous estimates range from a few pounds to over 2,000 pounds per second (over 1,000 kilograms per second) but the study by NASA's Juno mission found it to be around 26 pounds every second.
                      • Fallacies (85%)
                        The article contains an appeal to authority fallacy by stating that the findings were derived from measurements collected by NASA's Juno mission. The author also uses a dichotomous depiction of Europa as being both a potential source of metabolic energy and having life-supporting conditions, which is not supported by evidence presented in the article.
                        • The findings were derived from measurements collected by NASA's Juno mission.
                      • Bias (100%)
                        None Found At Time Of Publication
                      • Site Conflicts Of Interest (50%)
                        There are multiple examples of conflicts of interest in this article. The author has a financial tie to NASA as they work for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory which manages the Juno mission. Additionally, there is an ideological bias present as the article reports on scientific findings related to Europa's potential for life-supporting conditions.
                        • NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Juno mission for Scott Bolton at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio
                          • There is an ideological bias present as the article reports on scientific findings related to Europa's potential for life-supporting conditions.
                          • Author Conflicts Of Interest (0%)
                            None Found At Time Of Publication