The US Senate passed two major bills aimed at protecting children online in a rare bipartisan vote on July 30, 2024. The Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act (Coppa 2.0) and the Kids Online Safety Act (Kosa) are designed to enhance online safety for minors by regulating targeted advertising, data collection without consent, and providing parents with tools to supervise their children's use of social media platforms. The bills also require platforms to establish processes for responding to reports of harm caused to minors.
Coppa 2.0 would ban targeted advertising and data collection from minors without their consent, while Kosa requires companies like Meta Platforms (Facebook and Instagram), Snap Inc, X, and TikTok to provide safeguards for children's privacy by restricting access to their personal data and providing parents with tools to supervise their use of the platforms. The bills also prohibit advertisements that include narcotic drugs, tobacco products, gambling or alcohol from being shown to kids and teens.
The Senate approved both bills in a 91-3 vote, but they face an uncertain fate in the Republican-controlled House. The tech industry has criticized the bills for opening the door to censorship and cutting off revenue for services aimed at teens. However, supporters argue that these measures are necessary to protect children from harmful content and online bullying.
The push for further regulation of social media use for minors follows efforts by some state legislatures like Colorado and New York to regulate social media platforms' influence over minors. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has expressed concerns about the potential impact on free speech, particularly regarding topics related to vaccines, abortion, or LGBTQ+ issues.
The bills have been met with mixed reactions from tech companies and industry groups. Meta Platforms CEO Mark Zuckerberg and TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew disagreed with parts of the bills during a congressional hearing in January. Tech industry groups like NetChoice, which receives funding from Meta, Google, and other major technology companies, have criticized the bills as flawed.
The Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act amends the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 to strengthen protections relating to online collection, use, and disclosure of personal information for children and teens. The Kids Online Safety Act would be enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), with state attorneys general also able to bring civil actions if there are violations in their states.
The debate over child online safety is ongoing as lawmakers, parents, and tech companies grapple with the potential risks and benefits of social media use for minors.