The sun, a massive celestial body at the center of our solar system, is currently experiencing heightened activity as it approaches the peak of its 11-year cycle. This phase, known as solar maximum, brings about increased explosive outpourings of particles from the sun that can have significant impacts on Earth and its inhabitants (SN: 2/26/21) (Phys.org 6/8/2024).
These particle events are responsible for creating auroras, the stunning natural light displays predominantly seen in high-latitude regions around the Arctic. They occur when electrically charged particles from the sun collide with atoms and molecules in Earth's atmosphere (Newsweek 6/5/2024) (Northjersey.com 6/6/2024).
The recent solar storm in May 2021 was a powerful example of this phenomenon, resulting in auroras being visible as far south as Florida and parts of northern India (ScienceNews.org 5/7/2021). Such displays are expected to become more frequent during the upcoming solar maximum.
However, these particle outbursts can also pose risks to infrastructure such as power grids and orbiting satellites. During strong solar events, auroras can be seen at lower latitudes than usual (Phys.org 6/8/2024). Exceptionally strong geomagnetic storms can induce electrical currents that pose risks to power lines, metallic pipelines, and satellites (Phys.org 6/8/2024).
Auroras are not exclusive to Earth and provide valuable insights into a planet's magnetic field (Phys.org 6/8/2024). They can also affect GPS accuracy, satellite internet bandwidth speed, and the Earth's radiation belts (Newsweek 6/5/2024).
The sun is currently experiencing higher than predicted levels of storminess during this solar cycle (ScienceNews.org 5/7/2021), making it essential to stay informed about space weather conditions and potential impacts on Earth.